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Materials and methods Patients We studied eight patients with newly diagnosed AML 3 males and 5 females with a median age of 56 years, standard deviation 10 years, range 42—74 years. Nguyen , Jumpei Matsumoto, Anh H. In this way, individuals create a mental image of the environment in which they are navigating and to manipulate and rotate their spatial map to update their current position with respect to their target location Palermo et al. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Previous noninvasive studies reported that the right middle and inferior temporal cortex were activated during visual imagery of landmarks, and during encoding and recall of spatial relationships with objects Ghaem et al. However, it is unclear whether these activated brain regions are specifically associated with spatial updating or whether some regions are recruited for parallel cognitive processes.

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Recent noninvasive studies that simulate spatial navigation using virtual reality and photos of scenes have identified the brain regions recruited during spatial navigation: Isolated effective coherence iCoh A brain microstate is characterized by a unique, fixed spatial distribution of electrically active neurons with time varying amplitude.

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol.

LOW RESOLUTION BRAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC TOMOGRAPHY (LORETA / sLORETA), by R.D. Pascual-Marqui

Cytarabine and neurologic toxicity. All patients underwent an EEG evaluation before and after six months of treatment with i. Subjects performed the task while undergoing EEG recording.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: The new techniques remove this confounding factor considerably. Figure 2 shows the mean time required to traverse 10 checkpoints across the three control trials and the mean time required to traverse the 10 spatial reference points across the three test trials. Visual scene processing in familiar and unfamiliar environments. In response to arriving at the spatial reference point, positive potentials peaking at a latency of around ms were observed.

Similarly, a decrease in nonlinear lagged phase synchronization was obtained between the cortical areas identified by ROI2 Figure 2. Trends in cognitive sciences. Furthermore, landmark agnosia has been associated with lesions of the lingual gyrus Aguirre and D'Esposito, Presence - Teleoperators Virtual Environments 11, — Furthermore, previous virtual navigation studies reported that the parahippocampal gyrus contains a region in its posterior extent called the parahippocampal place area, which shows increased activity in response to scenes, such as photographs of landscapes Epstein et al.

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Experimental paradigm of the virtual navigation task. However, high-dose Ara-C can cross the blood-brain barrier BBB and may induce therapy-related toxicities of the central nervous system CNS ; these may occur during sloeeta of the high-dose treatment or within a few days after treatment Peddi et al. Experimental studies in humans and monkeys have shown that the frontoparietal network is involved in attentional processes Buschman and Miller, ; Ptak, ; Miller and Buschman, ; Vossel et al.

A synthesis and taxonomy.

In particular, in patients sllreta AML, chemotherapy with Ara-C may prolong survival and potentially improve quality of life. These new results extend and refine significantly those presented in a previous technical report Pascual-MarquiarXiv: Compared soreta the control phase, the current source density of the vertex-positive ERPs in the to ms latency was significantly higher slorta the superior frontal gyrus, including the medial frontal cortex pre-SMAentorhinal, and parahippocampal cortices.

Discussion Our findings revealed a statistically significant decrease in connectivity in patients treated with high dose of Ara-C after six months of therapy. Consistent with this theory, the activities of some hippocampal neurons place cells increase in monkeys or humans when they navigate within a particular place in the environment in real and virtual navigation tasks Nishijo et al.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. A Navigation route in the virtual town.

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Willed action and attention to the selection of action. The medial occipito-temporal cortices lingual and fusiform gyri and right inferior temporal cortex might be associated with the ability to quickly and accurately perceive and learn multiple topographical scenes, while the posterior parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus might be involved in forming an integrated representation of the extended topographical environment i.

To date, no standardized approach has been developed for assessing the possible effects, on functional connectivity, of systemic chemotherapy regimens using drugs able to cross the BBB, such as high-dose Ara-C treatment in AML patients Park et al. The neuroanatomical correlates of route learning impairment. Cortical Circuits for the Control of Attention. This version November adds: Interestingly, beyond alpha, beta oscillations are essential in the maintenance of the brain during resting state.